Analysis of diffusion-adsorption equivalency of landfill liner systems for organic contaminants

The equivalence between multilayered barriers regarding diffusion and adsorption is analyzed by means of an analytical method. The bottom boundary of the liner system is defined by assuming concentration continuous and flux continuous conditions of the contaminant between the bottom liner layer and the underlying soil. Five different liner systems were compared in terms of solute breakthrough time. The results of the analysis show that breakthrough time of the hydrophobic organic compounds for a 2-meter-thick compacted clay liner (CCL) can be 3-4 orders of magnitude greater than the breakthrough time for a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) composite liner. The GM/GCL and GM/CCL composite liner systems provide a better diffusion barrier for the hydrophilic organic compounds than that for the hydrophobic compounds due to their different Henry's coefficient. The calculated breakthrough times of the organic contaminants for the Chinese standard liner systems were found to be generally greater than those for the GCL alternatives, for the specific conditions examined. If the distribution coefficient increases to 2.8 for the hydrophobic compounds or 1.0 for the hydrophilic compounds, the thickness of the attenuation layer needed to achieve the same breakthrough time as the standard liner systems can be reduced by a factor of about 1.9-2.4. As far as diffusive and adsorption contaminant transport are concerned, GM or GCL is less effective than CCL.     

Scale-up modeling of the twin roll casting process for AZ31 magnesium alloy

In the present study, a 2-D finite-element method (FEM) thermal-fluid-stress model has been developed and validated for the twin roll casting (TRC) of AZ31 magnesium alloy. The model was then used to quantify how the thermo-mechanical history experienced by the strip during TRC would change as the equipment was scaled up from a laboratory size (roll diameter = 355 mm) to a pilot scale (roll diameter = 600 mm) and to an industrial scale (roll diameter = 1150 mm) machine. The model predictions showed that the thermal history and solidification cooling rate experienced by the strip are not affected significantly by caster scale-up. However, the mechanical history experienced by the strip did change remarkably depending on the roll diameters. Casting with bigger rolls led to the development of higher stress levels at the strip surface. The roll separating force/mm width of strip was also predicted to increase significantly when the TRC was scaled to larger sizes. Using the model predicted results, the effect of both casting speed and roll diameter was integrated into an empirical equation to predict the exit temperature and the roll separating force for AZ31. Using this approach, a TRC process map was generated for AZ31 which included roll diameter and casting speed.     

老龄飞机结构的腐蚀问题与对策

列举了某型老龄飞机腐蚀故障案例,阐明了老龄飞机结构腐蚀的共性问题及特点,从使用寿命期指标体系、结构抗腐蚀品质、服役环境、使用维护与腐蚀修理等方面较系统地分析了老龄飞机结构腐蚀的主要原因和影响因素。重点阐述了老龄飞机结构腐蚀防护对策与措施,主要包括结构腐蚀检查评估、涂层体系改进与结构密封防水改进、外场使用维护中腐蚀预防与控制措施。     

粘土防渗尾矿库地震永久位移数值模拟

我国目前的防渗尾矿库数量越来越多,但对其动力分析相对较少。结合工程实际,使用FLAC2D软件建立了有限差分数值模型,对采用粘土垫层防渗的尾矿库进行二维地震动力响应分析,并将计算得到的坝顶最大水平位移与传统简化方法的计算结果进行了对比分析。计算结果表明,由于数值分析考虑了尾矿坝对地震波的放大效应,通过有限差分数值模型计算的水平位移比简化方法的计算结果大60%。参数分析表明:防渗垫层的抗剪强度对于尾矿库动力响应影响较大,其虽有一定隔震作用,使得防渗层上部的最大水平加速度低于其下部的最大水平加速度约5%~30%,但随着防渗垫层抗剪强度的降低,尾矿库的失稳模式由经过尾矿内部的圆弧形滑动向经过防渗层的楔形滑动转变,尾矿库的屈服加速度显著降低,永久水平位移从小于5cm增加到近70cm,可能造成震陷等灾害。该分析方法和结果对于地震区防渗尾矿库工程的设计有一定的参考价值。     

土工膜渗漏定位方法研究

对偶极子法电极形状和外形尺寸以及其他影响定位的因素进行了深入研究.结果表明:偶极子的检测电压与偶极子的外形尺寸关系不大.偶极子检测电压最大值出现在偶极子中心与漏洞的距离等于偶极子间距的1/2处,并且偶极子的间距越大,检测电压越高.偶极子下沿距离HDPE膜越近,检测电压变化越明显.在多漏洞的情况下,当偶极子的间距小于漏洞间距时,2个漏洞都能被检测出来;当2个漏洞间距小于偶极子间距时,将可能漏检1个漏洞.膜上供电电极的位置对漏洞定位有一定的影响,在测量时应尽可能将供电电极远离测量区.      

白泥复合衬层防渗稳定性的研究

为考察白泥复合防渗衬层的防渗稳定性和对污染物的阻滞去除能力,利用自制击实渗透仪对白泥和亚粘土防渗衬层进行了对比研究. 结果表明:白泥/亚粘土“夹层结构"复合衬层能保持低于国家防渗规范(10－7 cm/s)的防渗性,并对渗滤液中的重金属,COD_Cr和NH₄＋-N具有较强的阻滞去除能力,可以与常用的亚粘土防渗衬层相媲美,不过其淋滤出水ρ(Cl－)高,因此其长期防渗稳定性需进一步研究;60%白泥+40%亚粘土“混合式"复合衬层和白泥防渗衬层在渗滤液渗透作用下,其防渗性能不好,渗透系数超过国家防渗规范要求,因此不宜用于填埋场防渗.      

Woody plant roots fail to penetrate a clay-lined landfill: Managment implications

In many locations, regulatory agencies do not permit tree planting above landfills that are sealed with a capping clay, because roots might penetrate the clay barrier and expose landfill contents to leaching. We find, however, no empirical or theoretical basis for this restriction, and instead hypothesize that plant roots of any kind are incapable of penetrating the dense clays used to seal landfills. As a test, we excavated 30 trees and shrubs, of 12 species, growing over a clay-lined municipal sanitary landfill on Staten Island, New York. The landfill had been closed for seven years, and featured a very shallow (10 to 30-cm) soil layer over a 45-cm layer of compacted grey marl (Woodbury series) clay. The test plants had invaded naturally from nearby forests. All plants examined—including trees as tall as 6 m—had extremely shallow root plates, with deformed tap roots that grew entirely above and parallel to the clay layer. Only occasional stubby feeder roots were found in the top 1 cm of clay, and in clay cracks at depths to 6 cm, indicating that the primary impediment to root growth was physical, although both clay and the overlying soil were highly acidic. These results, if confirmed by experimental research should lead to increased options for the end use of many closed sanitary landfills.     

冷轧带钢在线磨辊辊面粗糙度的实验研究

对影响磨削辊面粗糙度的因素进行了系统分析和实验研究 ,得出了轧辊转速、砂轮速度、砂轮粒度、磨削液等因素对磨削辊面粗糙度影响的一般规律 ,利用回归分析的方法建立了粗糙度的数学模型     

城市固体废物填埋场防护层天然材料研究

提出用石灰和粉煤灰对常用的粘土 +蒙脱土的衬里进行改性。对石灰配比为 0 %、0 4 %、1%、2 %、6 %、10 %的6种复合衬里、“三明治”结构的复合衬里 ,以及粉煤灰比例为 15 % ,2 5 % ,35 % ,5 0 %的 4种复合衬里 ,从渗透系数、衰减能力的角度进行了系列测试 ,得出了石灰配比为 10 %的复合土Ⅰ衬里和“三明治”结构复合土衬里性能良好、成本低、值得推广     

基于VBA的轻轿汽车滚形轮辋工艺设计系统

利用VBA开发了轻轿汽车滚形轮辋工艺设计系统。利用该系统,可以快速准确地进行轮辋下料尺寸以及工艺设计的自动计算。此程序在轮辋工艺设计中具有较大的现实意义。